毛乌素沙地东南缘全新世气候不稳定性     

李想  苏志珠  马义娟  张彩霞  柳苗苗 《中国沙漠》2020,40(2):109-117

毛乌素沙地处于中国季风区的西北边缘,对气候变化敏感,是古气候演化和古环境变迁研究的理想场所。全新世气温回暖期,气候整体稳定但存在暖湿冷干的次级波动,不同类型沉积相组成的地层序列记录了全新世千年、百年尺度的气候不稳定性。对毛乌素沙地不同沉积序列的研究表明:(1)毛乌素沙地东南缘的沙漠/黄土边界带DLT、NB剖面粒度及Rb/Sr比值可作为气候变化的代用指标。>63 μm砂含量增加,Rb/Sr比值降低,揭示东亚冬季风增强,风成砂堆积,风沙活动加剧,气候干冷;反之,东亚夏季风增强,降水增多,风化成壤程度加大,气候暖湿。(2)毛乌素沙地东南缘沙漠/黄土边界带及低洼沟谷区年代概率密度函数的分析显示,全新世早期~8\^5 ka BP风成砂堆积,风沙活动加剧,气候表现为干冷;全新世中期8\^5 ka~3\^0 ka BP地势较高处古土壤广泛发育,地势低洼处发育湖沼相/泥炭层,但在6.0 ka BP左右存在气候转冷过程;全新世晚期3\^0 ka BP以来气候波动频繁。(3)毛乌素沙地气候变化与北大西洋冰筏冷事件、董哥洞石笋、季风边缘区湖泊、东部沙地等记录具有可对比性和相对一致性,反映出全新世千年和百年尺度上的气候变化主要受全球变化的影响,这对预测和模拟未来气候变化具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

基于旅游开发影响的五台山植被景观特征分析     

牛莉芹  程占红 《地理研究》2019,38(5):1162-1174

以往旅游对植被影响的评价成果较多,但是旅游影响下植被景观与地理因子之间的关系报道较少。本文利用多种数量生态学方法探讨了五台山旅游开发与植被景观之间的生态关系。结果表明：① 旅游开发影响下五台山植被景观可分为单优乔木区、草本区、差级乔草区、中级乔草区、中级灌草区、良级灌草区、良级乔灌草区、优级乔灌草区、以及寺庙区、商业区或居民区9种类型。② 在除趋势对应分析中,第一轴与所有因子的相关性都较大,第二轴与旅游干扰度和海拔呈显著的负相关性。各植被景观类型的空间分布在一定程度上取决于关键性指标的空间格局。③ 除趋势典范对应分析方法能够大大提高植被景观特征与地理因子间的相关性,并将其直观地表达于排序图中。在植被景观特征与地理因子的关系上,第一轴上的相关系数是0.858_DCCA>0.828_DCA,第二轴上的相关系数是0.583_DCCA>0.501_DCA,这说明除趋势典范对应分析方法更优。  相似文献   

Land transfer,collective action and the adoption of soil and water conservation measures in the Loess Plateau of China     

Jia  Rui  Lu  Qian 《Natural Hazards》2020,102(3):1279-1304

Natural Hazards - Based on the data of 849 rural households in the Loess Plateau of China, this paper uses exploratory factor analysis to study farmers’ participation in collective action...  相似文献   

车辆荷载作用下山西路基重塑黄土的动力特性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

马林  张军  刘亚明 《地震工程学报》2018,40(1):101-104

针对车辆荷载对山西高速公路路基土体影响研究不足的现状,从试验角度出发,研究车辆荷载水平、波形、干密度和围压对路基土体的动力特性响应。研究表明:路基土体的体变随波形比的增大而增大,随车辆荷载的增大而增大;路基土体的动弹性模量随干密度的增大而增大,随围压的增大而增大,阻尼比随围压的增大而减小。  相似文献   

Assessing model of highway slope stability based on optimized SVM     

《China Geology》2020,3(2):339-344

Considering the geological hazards attributed to the highway slope, using a common simple model cannot accurately assess the stability of the slope. First, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to extract the principal components of six factors (namely, bulk density, cohesion, internal friction angle, slope angle, slope height, and pore water pressure ratio) affecting the slope stability. Second, four principal components were adopted as input variables of the support vector machine (SVM) model optimized by genetic algorithm (GA). The output variable was slope stability. Lastly, the assessing model of highway slope stability based on PCA-GA-SVM is established. The maximal absolute error of the model is 0.0921 and the maximal relative error is 9.21% by comparing the assessment value and the practical value of the test sample. The above studies are conducive to enrich the assessing model of highway slope stability and provide some reference for highway slope engineering treatment.  相似文献   

山西省地热资源及其开发利用模式探讨          下载免费PDF全文

韩颖  白雪峰  张欣 《中国地质调查》2018,5(5):13-20

山西省地热资源丰富,但分布不均,总体开发利用程度偏低,存在资源勘查研究程度低、分散开采普遍、重开采、轻回灌、创新发展研究重视不够等问题,对地热资源可持续利用不利。在山西省地热资源现状调查评价的基础上,系统总结了山西省地热资源的分布规律、主要热储类型、特征以及水热型地热资源开发利用现状,按照不同热储类型及地热资源赋存地质条件,提出地热资源开发利用模式建议,并提出在山西省打造温泉小镇的构想。  相似文献   

适应数值模式垂直坐标的GPS掩星反演资料稀疏化方案          下载免费PDF全文

马旭林  郭欢  和杰  周勃旸  李琳琳 《大气科学学报》2019,42(3):380-389

GPS掩星反演大气温湿资料具有高垂直分辨率、高精度、受云和降水影响小等优点,针对GRAPES同化预报系统,发展设计了一种既考虑预报模式高度-地形追随垂直坐标不均匀分层特点,又结合掩星反演资料特性的新适应性垂直稀疏化方案。通过个例试验和批量试验,探索了该适应性稀疏化方案对分析预报质量的影响。试验结果表明:选取合适的稀疏参数,新稀疏化方案的GPS掩星反演资料对背景场的调整更加有效,分析场质量更高;位势高度、比湿、温度和风场等预报场的均方根误差均更小;适应性稀疏化方案对改善台风路径预报具有积极作用。批量试验则进一步证实了适应性稀疏化方案对分析场质量有明显的改善作用。  相似文献   

西太平洋暖池海温和山西盛夏降水关系研究     

张冬峰  王永光  张国宏 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(3):60-67

利用1961—2016年山西盛夏(7—8月)平均降水和同期NOAA重构海温资料,分析了山西盛夏降水分别与赤道中东太平洋海温和西太平洋暖池海温相关性的变化。结果表明:山西盛夏降水和赤道中东太平洋海温之间呈现稳定的显著负相关;和西太平洋暖池海温呈现正相关,并在20世纪70年代末到80年代初之后相关性加强,通过了0.05显著性检验。进一步分析表明,这种西太平洋暖池海温对20世纪80年代以来山西盛夏降水指示意义加强的事实,主要体现在赤道中东太平洋海温偏冷的背景下。西太平洋暖池海温异常通过影响与山西盛夏降水密切相关的大气环流、季风槽位置和东亚夏季风,导致山西盛夏降水异常。盛夏赤道中东太平洋海温偏冷时,西太平洋暖池海温偏暖(冷),通过遥相关引起中高纬度大气欧亚—太平洋型遥相关(EUP)和负太平洋—日本(PJ)波列,通过影响季风槽位置偏西偏北(偏东偏南),引起西太平洋副热带高压偏北(南)和季风指数偏小(大),导致山西盛夏降水偏多(少)。  相似文献   

华北克拉通新太古代板块俯冲作用:来自山西云中山地区变质高镁火成岩组合的证据   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

王惠初  康健丽  肖志斌  相振群  李建荣  孙义伟  施建荣  张家辉 《岩石学报》2018,34(4):1099-1118

在华北克拉通中部的山西云中山地区,新太古代花岗闪长质片麻岩中存在一些超镁铁质岩-镁铁质岩块及由斜长角闪岩、角闪变粒岩、石英岩和石榴夕线黑云片岩等岩石类型构成的变质表壳岩残片,其中的超镁铁质-镁铁质岩、斜长角闪岩和角闪变粒岩构成一套高镁火成岩组合。超镁铁质岩已变质为橄榄绿泥阳起片岩等岩石类型,呈变余斑状结构,橄榄石斑晶仍有保存;岩石SiO_2含量为39.22%～44.99%,Al_2O_3为8.82%～13.47%,Mg O为19.24%～22.13%,Na_2O+K_2O=0.71%～1.11%,CaO为5.75%～8.42%;Al_2O_3/TiO_2=14.8～17.4,CaO/Al_2O_3=0.60～0.84;化学成分上与科马提岩有一定的相似性。与之紧密伴生的斜长角闪岩也具有高镁特征,Mg O含量为11.28%～15.09%,铝、硅和碱质均偏低,具正铕异常,显示堆晶辉长岩的特征。非高镁斜长角闪岩有相对高的铝、硅和碱质,其原岩应为钙碱性玄武岩。角闪变粒岩样品的SiO_2含量为54.21%～55.71%,Al_2O_3为14.24%～15.49%,Mg O为6.26%～8.28%,Fe OT/Mg O=1.11～1.58,高钠低钾,Na_2O+K_2O=3.7%～4.78%,Na_2O/K_2O=5.15%～13.13,Mg#=53.0～61.5,属于高镁安山岩。由超镁铁质质岩-斜长角闪岩-角闪变粒岩构成的变质高镁火山岩组合具有钙碱性系列趋势。超镁铁质岩稀土元素含量总量较低,具有轻稀土富集和重稀土亏损的稀土型式;斜长角闪岩与超镁铁质岩比较,除富集大离子亲石元素和Cr、Ni明显较低外,具有相似的微量元素图谱形态。三种岩石类型在微量元素蛛网图上均显示出Ta、Nb、Ti负异常和Pb正异常。野外产状和岩石地球化学特征表明超镁铁质岩和高镁斜长角闪岩属于阿拉斯加型杂岩体,角闪变粒岩属于赞岐岩质高镁安山岩。在Zr/Nb-Nb/Th和Nb/Y-Zr/Y构造环境判别图解上显示出与俯冲相关的演化趋势,在Hf-Th-Ta、Nb/La-(La/Sm)N和Th/Yb-Nb/Yb图解上也落在岛弧钙碱性岩石区域。以上特征表明高镁火成岩组合形成于与板块俯冲相关的岛弧构造背景。野外地质关系和锆石U-Pb年龄限定高镁火成岩组合形成时代在～2.5Ga。云中山地区阿拉斯加型镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩与赞岐岩质高镁安山岩共生,表明该地区存在新太古代的板块俯冲作用,为太古宙存在板块构造机制提供了新证据。  相似文献   

Characteristics of Radar Echo Parameters and Microphysical Structure Simulation of a Short-Time Heavy Precipitation Supercell     

赵桂香  王一颉  连志鸾 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(4):388-404

By using the conventional observations, radar data, NCEP/NCAR FNL 1o×1o reanalysis data and numerical simulation data and with the construction and calculation of radar echo parameters, this paper presents the structural characteristics and physical processes of a short-time heavy precipitation supercell that occurred in the squall line process in Shanxi Province on 24 June 2020. The results show that this squall line event occurred in front of a surface cold front, combined with infiltration of low-level cold air and continuous increase of near-surface humidity in the afternoon. The surface mesoscale convergence line and mesoscale dew point front contributed to the development and systemization of the squall line by a large degree. The short-time extremely heavy precipitation in Pingshun County was caused by the development of a supercell from thunderstorm cells on the front side of the squall line. The characteristics of sharp increase in vertical integral liquid water content, persistent increase in reflectivity factor and continuous rise in the echo top height appeared about 23 min earlier than the severe precipitation, which has qualitative indicating significance for the nowcasting of short-time heavy precipitation. A quantitative analysis of the radar echo parameters suggests that the “sudden drop”of FV40 was a precursor signal of cells’coalescence and rapid development to the mature stage. The areal change of the echo core at the 6 km height was highly subject to the merging and developing of cells, the rapid change of hydrometeor particles in clouds and the precipitation intensity. Changes in the cross-sectional area of convective cells at different heights can indirectly reflect the changes of liquid particles and ice particles in clouds, which is indicatively meaningful for predicting the coalescing and developing-to-maturing of cells and heavy precipitation 30-45 min earlier. A comprehensive echo parameter prediction model constructed by the random forest principle can predict the magnitude of short-time heavy precipitation 40-50 min in advance. Numerical simulation reveals that large amounts of water vapor existed in the near-surface atmosphere, and that the cells rapidly obtained moisture from the ambient atmosphere and developed rapidly through maternal feeding. The cold cloud zone was narrow, upright and had a high stretch height. The upward motion in clouds was strong and deep, and very rich in liquid water content. The graupel particles had a large vertical distribution range, the coexistence area of graupel and snow was large, the height of raindrops was close to the surface with a wide horizontal scale, and the precipitation efficiency was high. These may be the important elements responsible for the occurrence of the short-time heavy precipitation that exceeded historical extreme values. On the basis of the above analyses, a comprehensive parameter (CP) prediction model is worked out, which can estimate the developing trend of supercells and the intensity of short-time heavy precipitation about 1 h in advance.  相似文献